There are no electrons pdf download

There are no electrons pdf download

There Are No Electrons,Uploaded by

WebMar 22,  · PDF There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings full DESCRIPTION There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings Subsequent you might want to earn money from your eBook There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings Before now, WebThere Are No Electrons. Download There Are No Electrons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free There Are No Electrons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every WebDownload There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings read ebook Online PDF EPUB KINDLE Download There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings PDF - KINDLE - EPUB - MOBI There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings download WebRead Online There Are No Electrons and Download There Are No Electrons book full in PDF formats. Search Results for “there-are-no-electrons” – PDF Download PDF Download WebFull Description: DOWNLOAD LINK There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: An off-beat introduction to the workings of electricity for people who wish Richard ... read more

Book excerpt: An off-beat introduction to how electricity works in practical applications. DOWNLOAD EBOOK. There are No Electrons. Book Synopsis There are No Electrons by : Kenn Amdahl. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Clearwater Publishing Company, Incorporated DOWNLOAD EBOOK. An off-beat introduction to how electricity works in practical applications. A Metaphysics of Platonic Universals and their Instantiations. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Springer Nature DOWNLOAD EBOOK. Read online free There Are No Electrons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device.

Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available! GET EBOOK. Skip to content. There Are No Electrons Download There Are No Electrons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. There are No Electrons. Greenies feel the need- to-party, jump in their little green cars and cruise. Some are smooth, straight and easy to drive. Other roads are rotten. A dirt road has more resistance than a super-highway. Takes more work to go down it. A road covered with four feet of snow has a lot of resistance. Different materials are easier to travel through than others. Things that are easy to move through are called conductors. Metals are usually good conductors. They have very little resistance. If something has a lot of resistance, we call it an insulator. Wood is a bad conductor, a good insulator. Lots of resistance.

Very tough to bogy through wood. It must be true. I know several million little Greenies that are going to be very disappointed, though. The less resistance a material has, the easier it is for electricity to go through it. A small path is tougher to move a lot of Greenies through, so it has more resistance than a big path. Resistance can be a physical bottleneck, a very thin wire, something like that. A long wire does have more resistance than a short wire, and a skinny wire has more resistance than a fat one. The amount of need-to-party affects the traffic, and the road conditions also affect the traffic. Oh yeah. A million ohms is a lot. Resistance is measured in ohms! In the dream I was a buffalo, in the middle of a vast herd of buffaloes, and all of us were green.

Suddenly I heard faint music. It came from far down the road. Oh, no, I thought. Not Johnny B. A few of the other shaggy creatures could also hear the music and began walking with me. As the music got louder, many more of my bovine companions heard it and joined the procession. Shoulder to green furry shoulder, an army of these instinctive party animals moved toward that music like a huge rolling shag carpet. Then the road ended at a steep canyon. I discovered that buffaloes have a very intense need-to-party, and can get rather single-minded when it is aroused. They were peeved that they could not get past that canyon. It became obvious that things would not be pleasant if a solution was not found. I did not want to be handy if their playful mood turned nasty. When I suggested we all just go munch on some sagebrush and play Twenty Questions, a number of them turned toward me with suspicion in their beady little eyes. Luckily, someone discovered a foot bridge before things got out of hand.

The canyon was deep, the bridge swayed. The vast army of snorting, hairy animals behind me pawed at the dust in their impatience and waited their turns. The music was loud, the need-to-party was so strong you could smell it in the air. The bridge allowed a few buffalo to make it past the canyon, but it restricted traffic greatly. Where hundreds of buffalo could travel down the road, only a single line could travel across the foot bridge. That one bottle-neck reduced all the party traffic for miles. Of course, if they turned down the music, I sensed that some of the buffaloes would lose interest pretty fast, and traffic would be even further reduced. It seemed odd that both the volume of the music and the size of the footbridge could affect how many buffalo went to a party.

I woke up before I reached the party. But, as resistance increases, current decreases. Every time electricity fights its way through something that has resistance, heat is produced. The more current, the more heat. Also, the more resistance, the more heat. Since everything electricity goes through has some resistance, everything heats up, at least a little. A copper wire has less resistance than an iron nail, so if the same amount of current is flowing through them both, the nail will get hotter. A thin nail has more resistance than a thick one, so it will produce more heat. Air has a lot of resistance, but if you can provide enough voltage, electricity will even go through air. When it does, it creates a tremendous amount of heat. Much heat, produced by much current going through much resistance.

The devices that heat our waterbeds, broil our steaks, toast our bread and zap insects on our patios all rely on the heat produced by electricity going through resistance to do their jobs. In the case of the unfortunate flying insect, its own body provides the necessary resistance. If an electrical device is producing heat, some current is probably moving through some resistance. Heat produced by resistance is one of the most common and valuable products of electricity. Unwanted heat is also one of the principle causes of equipment failure. The heat created by electrical devices as an unavoidable by-product routinely melts and fries critical components. When heat is not the desired product in a motor or computer, for example the energy that is converted to heat is wasted and contributes to the inefficiency of the device. In many cases, enough heat is produced incidentally that equipment must be designed with a provision for cooling. We all agree on this: Electricity produces heat as it travels through resistance.

Why it does so is more of a mystery. It could be that electrons give up energy as they are forced to move from their normal nuclear orbits. The more Greenies there are, and the more difficult the road conditions, the more heat. However, you can concentrate its location. Right on that footbridge, where the pressure from the rear causes a lot of painful horn wounds on your sensitive buffalo caboose at the same time that the herd ahead of you seems to be purposely trying to keep you from the party. You will understand these phrases and learn to appreciate the heat produced by resistance the next time you try to change a light bulb with your bare hand without letting it cool down first. Circuits, Switches, Ants, Lizards and Pigs. No current will flow. Had someone been able to explain that to me, I probably would never have written this book. I would have accepted the electron theory into my life with gratitude and respect for its inventors.

If you like to watch people squirm, ask a science teacher to explain this to you. See if they can satisfy you without mentioning Greenies. A circuit requires a source of voltage like a battery. Current leaves the negative side of the battery, makes its way through a conductor and perhaps through other items like a light or a toaster, and then returns to the positive side of the battery. By interrupting current in a one-inch section of a circuit, a single switch can control whether or not current flows through a thousand Christmas tree lights. Current will flow through a closed switch but not an open one.

Perhaps a complicated mathematical formula and a few words in Latin would make it more memorable. Just kidding. How about a cute little picture story? You are an ant, walking along the top of a wire fence. The fence encloses a square field, and has one gate. If the gate is closed, you walk right over it, Around the field, returning to your starting place. Greenies walk inside the wire beneath your feet, You can hear them whispering to each other. If the gate is closed, the Greenies will also walk around the field, Over the closed gate and back to their starting place. You stand on that last fence post, crying little ant-tears, Until a lizard crawls up the fence post and eats you. The fence is a circuit, the gate is a switch The farmer and the pig are imaginary, The lizard teaches the electron theory at a local college. Note to teachers considering books for supplements to electronics courses: we really, really like lizards.

But somebody had to eat the ant. It is a major source of their personal insecurity. We have known for a long time that electrical current is always surrounded by a magnetic field. If only someone would have told him about Little Greenies! I like to think of magnetism as the wake that Greenies make as they race through Greenie air. Picture a duck, a green duck named Bruce, with a wild look in his eyes and somewhat disheveled feathers. A bohemian duck, more interested in parties and sleeping late than in science or routine duck business. If we drop old Bruce into a pond, ripples will spread away from his pathetic squawking self; concentric circles of tiny waves that get fainter as they move away from him. Enterprising duck that he is, Bruce begins to swim. The ripples he creates reinforce each other. They look like a V-shaped tail of waves following him but not changing shape or growing.

But of course, they are moving. Even though the waves it makes look stationary from a helicopter, they will swamp your canoe if you paddle into them. The waves will also suck you toward them. When a truck passes you on the highway you can feel the pull of its wake as it tries to draw you in. When a shark swims near the floor of the ocean, its wake sucks up the mud and debris. And when Greenies move through a wire, their wake acts like a magnet. Textbooks are satisfied to say that any time electrons move through a conductor they are surrounded by a mysterious magnetic field. And, anytime a magnetic field moves across a conductor it creates a little electrical current in the conductor. No one seems to care why. While we have been thinking about electricity and magnetism, Bruce has recruited a bunch of equally crazed ducks and is leading them in single file across the lake.

Viewed from above, their wakes now combine to form fairly straight parallel lines on each side of the watery parade. If more ducks land in the line, their wakes will join the existing standing waves and make it move outward. As ducks get bored and fly away, the standing wave will shrink toward the line of ducks. If Bruce and the gang repeat their performance under water, they will create three-dimensional ripples. If we could see them, it would look like they were swimming through concentric cylinders of underwater ripples. Any hapless fish that ventures too close will be sucked in by this wake and will probably be eaten by a duck. When Greenies move, they leave a wake in Greenie air that forms standing waves which we call lines of magnetic force, or lines of flux. Only some things in our universe are pulled into this wake. Iron is, for example. Other materials are attracted less strongly. As you increase the current, these lines of force grow larger and stronger.

As you decrease the current, these lines of force shrink around the wire. You can see it happen with iron filings on a piece of paper with a wire through it. Magnetism is unaffected by insulators. It does prefer some substances, however. Iron, once again, seems to be easier for magnetism to travel through. We can encourage magnetism to go where we want by giving it an iron path. Like most of us, it will tend to take the simplest route, so we can concentrate it by providing it that opportunity. When we put iron near an electrical current, most of the magnetism surrounding the current will go through the iron. Electrically produced magnetism is called electromagnetism, and electrically produced magnets are called electromagnets. By wrapping loops of wire around an iron bar and running some Greenies through the wire we can create a dandy electromagnet.

As long as the current is flowing, we can pick paper clips up off the floor. People who feel that the universe is symmetrical will be happy to learn this: not only does electricity create magnetism, but magnetism can also create electricity. Any movement will work, as long as the lines of force cut across the wire. Every time a line of force crosses the wire, a little more voltage is created. If you wrap wire around a nail or other chunk of metal, then run electricity through the wire, the whole thing will act as a magnet and we call it an electromagnet. Some metals work better than others. Other materials stay magnetized for a very long time after an encounter with electricity, even years. We call these permanent magnets.

Every now and then people find chunks of iron on a mountain or in a mine that are naturally magnetized. You can also destroy a magnet by pounding it with a hammer. Interesting creatures, these magnets. Magnetism is magnetism, and it will create voltage every time those lines of force cut across a conductor. But only when the lines of force actually move across the second wire. Whenever electricity moves, we find magnetism. Whenever magnetic lines of force move across a conductor, they create voltage. The lake was cold, gray, and still, as it was every morning. The sky glowed with faint pre-dawn light and a single bird sang its lonely song from some misty perch in the distance.

Early morning in the Utah wilderness is always magical, but this was something different. Everything looked strange and unreal, and my sleepy mind struggled to understand why. Mike was sitting on a rock beside me. Just go with the flow. I started to rub my eyes awake, when I realized that my hand was glowing, a dull red. Terror quickly drove my sleepiness away. My other hand was also glowing, and so were my feet. In panic, I turned to Mike and realized that his green skin was also suffused with a dull red glow. You know, heat. Your body always radiates like this, only now you can see it. Just relax, let the thing take you. Look over there at those blooming weeds. The flowers were a bright violet, like little colored lights in the grass.

Some insects can see ultraviolet. And rattlesnakes can see infrared. Right now you can see both. Look over there! I knew he blended perfectly with his surroundings and normally I would never see him. Today he was a tiny red lighthouse beaming out his location. It would be like being able to see the wind. The sky was growing lighter and each cloud was a wild rainbow of dazzling light, a sparkling diamond-studded pillow. The still lake was a kaleidoscope of swirling colors. I was sure I was seeing more than infrared and ultraviolet light. He attached one end of the cable to the positive terminal, and the other end to the negative terminal. Immediately the cable seemed to swell up, until it was a fat gray snake leaping from terminal to terminal.

It was an odd fog. It seemed concentrated in tubular membranes, like concentric sausages skewered by the electric cable. I reached out to touch it, but my glowing red hand went right through without disturbing it in the least. When Mike moved the wire, the fog moved with it, but would not cross itself. Like some eerie water balloon, it simply pushed itself aside. I just added some dust. I had noticed them already. The layers of concentrated fog. Those are lines of magnetic force, or lines of flux. If we turn up the current, those will grow outward from the wire.

When I disconnect the battery, like this Like a ghostly genie disappearing into its bottle, the gray magnetic fog shrank around the wire. In the blink of an eye, it was gone. The more current in the wire, the stronger the field, but even tiny little currents, like in your watch, are surrounded by a tiny magnetic field. Look over there. The lines were wrapped in the same gray fog, much larger and darker than the one Mike had made with my truck battery. They seemed to flicker and move. I turned to ask about that, but Mike was already over by the truck, putting the battery back into it. I walked toward him. And not just wires. Any conductor. Is the magnetic field causing a current in his body. Or aren't squirrels conductors? He's lucky that his body is not a good conductor, though. It's a pretty small current. But you're right. Every time he moves through that magnetic field, or it moves around him, it's going to cause a little trickle of electricity to move through his body.

The magnetic fog flickered and squirmed around the power lines like endless phantom worms. My new vision capabilities weren't scary any more. They were fun. The infrared glow that floated like a mist around my hands and face seemed natural. I moved my hands around just to watch it. If people really have "auras" like some of my friends believe, this is what they must look like, I thought. I sighed and picked up my own pole. The mouse faded to brown invisibility among the dead leaves, the squirrel raced through pure clear air along the power line, the ultraviolet flowers blinked off. Now I could see that they were dandelions, and only yellow. Two electric fans are facing each other.

Turn one on, and it blows on the other. Da doo run run run Da doo run run. The motion of the first fan Induced or caused a motion in the second fan Without touching it. Two wires are side by side; Send some electricity through the first one. As the current builds up, Lines of magnetic force spread from it. We still call it induction. No more current is induced in the second wire. Turn off the current in the first wire; The lines of force will shrink around it. As they shrink, they cut across The second wire again And induce a current. This current will be moving the same direction As the dying current in the first wire. Down dooby doo down down. Induction is what we call it When growing or shrinking lines of force That surround an electrical current Move across a conductor And cause a second current.

Induction only happens when the lines of force Grow or shrink; that is, While the current is increasing or decreasing. Induction is one current Causing a second current, Because of the movement of its magnetic field. Bop shoo-wop shoo-wop. Like all fine modern poetry, This section must be read About three times Before it will make Any sense. Koo-koo ka-choo. There is a multi-mega-duck motorboat racing across an otherwise tranquil lake, leaving a powerful wake of sparkling white water behind it. The boat is heading north, but the waves it makes are heading south.

The waves roll away from the back of the boat and keep moving until they crash against the southern shore, a half a mile away, and ruin the fishing. If that boat was electricity, those waves would be lines of magnetic force. Greenies use these waves for surfing. They wait on their little bitty surf- boards until a boat goes by, then they quick get on its wake and ride until they, too, crash into the shore in a tangled mass of green legs, cursing and confusion. All they knew was that if you lay two wires side by side and run an electrical current through the first one, somehow, for just an instant, a current also appears in the second wire, running the opposite direction.

Once the primary current reaches full strength and is stable, the magnetic field is also stable. When you turn off the primary current, the magnetic field surrounding it quickly shrinks to nothing. In an interesting twist of fate, it happens that the secondary current is contrary to the primary: If the current in the primary wire is increasing, the induced secondary current will be heading the opposite direction. If the current in the primary wire is decreasing, both currents will be heading the same direction. Perhaps you have a cruel sense of humor and enjoy tormenting Greenies. For example, you might lay two wires side by side, and then run an electrical current through both of them, at the same time, heading the same direction.

The effect is that the wires will act as if they had extra resistance for a moment. To increase the effect of inductance, we could put a strip of iron between the two wires. Since magnetic lines of force prefer traveling through iron to traveling through air, they will tend to concentrate near the iron, which is near the wires. Another way to increase inductance is to increase the length of the wires and put them very close to each other. The current in the first wire could actually induce enough current in the second to light a bulb for an instant without being connected to any source of voltage itself and without touching the first wire. When you turn off the current to the first wire, the bulb in the second circuit will light again, for an instant, while the shrinking lines of magnetic force cut across the second wire.

The current in the first wire induces a current in the second wire. This current in the second wire is surrounded by its own magnetic field. As that field grows or shrinks, it will probably move across the first wire and cause another little current. That current might induce another current and so on. Depending on whether current is increasing or decreasing and the way the conductors are arranged, inductance helps or hinders whatever other current is involved. Self-Inductance: The Plot Twists, Turns, and Swamps Many Little Green Surfers. Electricity can go through a very long tangled wire piled on your floor without even thinking about it. No matter the twists, turns, knots, figure- eights or apparent disorganization, if the wire is continuous, electricity will move right through it. As the current moves, it will be surrounded by a magnetic field, which follows the wire exactly, through each twist and turn. Now, you may be asking, what happens when you first turn on the juice to such a wire?

But wait! you exclaim. Can a primary current induce secondary currents within a single wire? You bet your bippy it can! Those of you who read and remember my chapter titles can probably guess what we call this. A primary current causing secondary currents within a single conductor is called swamp water. Yes, it is possible to careen around a lake in your motorboat such that you have to fight your own waves. And, it is possible for the magnetic field that swells and shrinks around a single wire to intersect a different part of the same wire.

If the current we create this way is going the opposite direction as the primary current, the two currents will oppose each other. Since the secondary is never quite as strong as the primary, sooner or later the primary will win out, grow to full strength, the lines of force will stop expanding, and the secondary current will disappear. But for that first moment, our wire seems to have a lot of resistance. Then you turn off the power. Now the lines of force shrink around the wire. They induce a secondary current once more, as they cross parts of the wire, but since they are moving the opposite direction shrinking, not expanding the current they induce also changes direction.

Now it moves the same direction as the main current. The dying current induces a secondary current that tends to keep it from dying instead of opposing it. You will be amazed to see your light bulb continue to glow for a moment after you have turned off the switch. Self-inductance keeps the current alive until the lines of force have exhausted themselves. Self-inductance is most dramatic when a wire is twisted back on itself somehow, so that each line of force must cross the wire several times. However, even a straight wire has to deal with the problem. When that first brave group of adventurous party-seekers races through the center of the wire, the lines of magnetic force are so small they are actually still inside the wire.

As more Greenies follow them, the lines of force swell, but they are swelling, for the first instant, inside the wire. This movement of the lines of force through the wire induces a secondary current, heading backward. The two currents heading opposite directions through the same wire interfere with each other until the primary current, once again, finally wins out. The opposite thing happens when you turn off the power. The lines of force shrink around the wire and actually shrink through the wire toward its center.

As they do, they induce a secondary current that is traveling the same direction as the primary current. Until they disappear completely, the current will keep flowing, even though you turned the darn thing off. The energy that went into creating the magnetic field in the first place was stored in it, and is returned to the wire when the field shrinks away. Self-inductance opposes a current from getting started. It opposes a current from increasing. To be fair, it also opposes a current from decreasing. Self-inductance opposes any change in current. If you try to increase the current, those lines of force create a current heading backward that gets in your way. If you try to reduce the current, those shrinking lines of force induce a current that aids the primary current, keeping it from dying.

If self- inductance had its way, current would never change at all. Sometimes self-inductance is a pain in the neck and we try to reduce its effects. Other times, if we want to delay a current from getting up to full power, for example, we might add self-inductance. The most common way to increase self-inductance is to simply coil up the wire. The more turns a coil has, the more self-inductance it has, and the longer it takes for current to overcome its effects. With enough loops, close enough together, you could delay those Greenies so long that the party would be over by the time they reached it. The effect of self-inductance is greatest when the current is building up or tapering off, and becomes insignificant when the current is steady. Time has become a factor. Self-inductance acts like resistance that varies with time. It resists current most in the first instant after you turn on the switch, then subsides as current reaches full strength.

The most important thing to remember is this: Self-inductance opposes any increase or decrease in current. You are a Greenie, cruising down a wire in your little green sports car. Suddenly the road forks. To the right the highway narrows to a one-lane dirt road, full of boulders and pot holes. From both directions the sound of party music is loud and inviting. You are driving fast, as always, and must decide quickly. What do you do? It was an easy decision for me. If I can hear party music beyond the parking lot, I figure that there must be an exit on the other side, and easy driving across that wide desert of paving. I gun my little engine and shoot onto that black ocean of asphalt. You may be hearing Lawrence Welk, or Barry Manilow or the rock group AC-DC. I mention this only to strengthen and personalize my electrical analogy. At any rate, our need to party is great, the wind is whipping through our hair, and our little sports cars are growling softly, like proud young cougars racing after prey.

The music gets louder as we drive. Suddenly the parking lot ends. Instead of an exit, we are horrified to discover a brick wall, massive and impassible. We slam on the brakes. You are probably cursing at me. Gradually that huge parking lot fills up. It becomes obvious to all of us that there is simply no way to get to the party without going back the way we came. Of course, if a Greenie is cruising down the wire now and comes to the same fork in the road, it looks a lot different. To the right is a dirt road, nasty but passable. To the left he sees a thousand acres of green cars, bumper to bumper, all their horns honking, all their drivers cursing and shaking their little green fists in the air, and trying to get out of the parking lot.

A massive electrical demolition derby. How many green cars can we entice into our green parking lot trap, and how long can we keep them there? Obviously, a large parking lot has more capacity to store parked cars than a small one. And a good strong brick wall will keep them confined better than a wire fence.

Download There Are No Electrons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free There Are No Electrons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available! GET EBOOK. Skip to content. There Are No Electrons Download There Are No Electrons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. There are No Electrons. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Clearwater Publishing Company, Incorporated GET EBOOK. An off-beat introduction to how electricity works in practical applications. A Metaphysics of Platonic Universals and their Instantiations.

Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Springer Nature GET EBOOK. This book offers a detailed defense of a metaphysics of Platonic universals and a conception of particular objects that is coherent with said metaphysics. The w. Vagueness and Thought. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Oxford University Press GET EBOOK. The epistemology of vagueness concerns attitudes we should have towards propositions we know to. Essays on Realism and Rationalism. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Rodopi GET EBOOK. The book's essays represent an important contribution to the contemporary philosophical debate concerning Realism and Rationalism.

The author defends in a clear. Electronic Devices and Circuits. Type: BOOK - Published: - Publisher: Pearson Education India GET EBOOK.

⭐PDF✔ There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings full,Document Information

WebDOWNLOAD There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings BOOK PDF "Review 'Amdahl's book has a serious purpose behind the flippancy and silliness: to teach electricity and electronics WebFeb 6,  · Download Here - blogger.com ""there are no electrons"" pdf download WebThere Are No Electrons. Download There Are No Electrons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free There Are No Electrons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every WebFull Description: DOWNLOAD LINK There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: An off-beat introduction to the workings of electricity for people who wish Richard WebDownload There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings read ebook Online PDF EPUB KINDLE Download There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings PDF - KINDLE - EPUB - MOBI There Are No Electrons: Electronics for Earthlings download WebRead Online There Are No Electrons and Download There Are No Electrons book full in PDF formats. Search Results for “there-are-no-electrons” – PDF Download PDF Download ... read more

Electrons will be attracted to it. It was natural, even pleasant. There are two types of items that might be found in a nucleus. DOWNLOAD So Sad Today: Personal Essays. Kenn Amdahl is to electronics manuals what Dr. We slam on the brakes.

Wait a minute, I hear you saying. DOWNLOAD A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing. I just thought it was interesting. It's a lot easer to retain how a transistor works there are no electrons pdf download when is visualized as bunch of wacked out chickens running across bare floor and a carpet rather than electrons moving from an n type to p type material. If the current we create this way is going the opposite direction as the primary current, the two currents will oppose each other. Like a ghostly genie disappearing into its bottle, the gray magnetic fog shrank around the wire.